Dentists define 2 types of splints: miosplint (to relieve muscle spasm) and repositioning splint (for a new corrective position of the lower jaw). The patients will notice significant improvements in the face contour, posture, reduction of muscle hypertonicity and pain.
Splint therapy is one of the most common and effective methods of treating various temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. This method involves the use of specially made orthodontic appliances that help to reduce the load on the joint, relieve pain symptoms and restore normal jaw function.
The main objective of splint therapy is to create conditions for relaxation of the jaw muscles and normalization of joint function. The splint acts as a stabilizer that prevents unnecessary movement of the jaw and helps reduce pressure within the joint. This reduces inflammation and wear and tear on the joint components, thus helping to relieve pain and improve jaw mobility.
A TMJ splint may be recommended in the following cases:
The splint minimizes tooth wear and reduces stress on the jaw muscles and joints caused by involuntary grinding.
Splints are used to reduce pain, improve joint function and reduce the effects of intra-articular pressure.
Splints can help reduce pain and improve movement in the joint.
Help relax muscles and reduce pain symptoms caused by overstretching.
The efficacy of splints in the treatment of TMJ is widely recognized, but the degree to which they are effective may depend on the individual case and the accuracy of the diagnosis. Important aspects of efficacy include:
Splints are particularly effective in treating pain and discomfort caused by TMD or bruxism. They can significantly improve a patient's quality of life by reducing pain and restoring jaw function.
For best results, splints often require long-term wear. The period can vary from several months to several years, depending on the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.
Regular visits to the dentist are necessary to monitor the condition of the joint, adjust the position of the splint, and adapt the treatment plan.
Splints not only treat existing TMJ problems, but can also be used for preventative purposes.
The use of splints is often combined with other therapies such as physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and medications. This integrated approach can enhance the overall effectiveness of treatment, providing a more comprehensive treatment for TMJ problems.
There are several types of splints, each of which is designed for specific tasks and has its own unique characteristics. The most common are the myosplint and the repositioning splint.
Myosplint (to reduce muscle spasm)
Myosplint is designed to relieve pain and discomfort caused by muscle spasms and tension in the jaw area. This type of splint helps to relax the masseter muscles and reduce intra-joint pressure, resulting in reduced pain symptoms and improved jaw function. Myosplints are often used in patients who suffer from bruxism (teeth grinding), as they prevent additional wear and tear on the teeth and reduce stress on the TMJ
Repositional splint (for correcting the position of the lower jaw)
A repositioning splint is used to correct the position of the lower jaw. This type of splint is specifically designed to restore the correct position of the jaw in relation to the upper jaw, which is critical to ensuring proper TMJ function and reducing symptoms of the disorder. Repositioning splints may be recommended when jaw misalignment results in chronic pain, difficulty opening the mouth, or other functional impairments.
Application and effectiveness
Both types of splints require individualized and precise fitting to maximize effectiveness and patient comfort. Both myosplints and repositioning splints may require temporary adjustment and regular monitoring by the dentist or orthodontist to correct and adapt to changes in the jaw and joint during treatment.
The first step in splint therapy is a thorough diagnosis, which may include a dental examination, history and the use of diagnostic imaging (such as x-rays, CT or MRI scans). This helps to accurately determine the condition of the TMJ and the presence of associated disorders.
Based on diagnostic data, the dentist or orthodontist designs a customized splint. This appliance is created to perfectly fit the anatomy of the patient's jaw for maximum comfort and effectiveness.
When the splint is ready, the fitting stage follows. During this procedure, the doctor makes sure that the splint fits perfectly and does not cause discomfort when worn. If necessary, minor adjustments are made.
The patient will receive detailed instructions on how and when to wear the splint and how to care for it. Splints are usually worn overnight, but depending on the severity of the case, they may be recommended to be worn during the day.
The patient should visit the doctor regularly to monitor the progress of treatment. This allows for timely changes in the treatment plan and adaptation of the splint, if necessary, to achieve the best results.
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